Erica Rocchi

@article{Fabrizio_A_2026,

title = {Performance Evaluation of Meta Quest 3 and Meta Quest Pro in Static and Dynamic Conditions for Shoulder Rehabilitation in Virtual Reality},

author = {Alessia Fabrizio and Erica Rocchi and Arianna Carnevale and Anna Ferrarotti and Rocco Papalia and Emiliano Schena and Umile Giuseppe Longo and Marco Carli



},

doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3679266},

year  = {2026},

date = {2026-03-30},

journal = {IEEE Access},

abstract = {Virtual Reality is gaining increasing relevance as a system to monitor joint kinematics during rehabilitation and as a tool to improve patient adherence to rehabilitation protocols. This study aims to evaluate the performance of Meta Quest 3 and Meta Quest Pro by comparing their tracking accuracy against the Qualisys™ stereophotogrammetric reference system in static and dynamic conditions. In static conditions, translational and rotational accuracy were assessed using two custom-made setups: one assessing displacements along three axes (from 0 to 505 mm) and another covering rotations from 0° to 180°. Dynamic performance was evaluated through three clinically relevant upper-limb movements (flexion, external rotation, and abduction) executed by NAO humanoid robot at three different durations (S1 = 1s, S2 = 2s, S4 = 4s) to simulate varying patient conditions. Results showed a maximum translational mean absolute error of 4.7 ± 2.8 mm at 505 mm along the X-axis and a maximum rotational error of 2.8 ± 1.2° at 90° around the Y-axis for Meta Quest 3. In dynamic conditions, the highest mean absolute percentage error was 17.0 ± 2.9% for Meta Quest 3 during abduction at S4. Overall, the Meta Quest 3 and Meta Quest Pro, featuring inside-out tracking technology, demonstrate promising accuracy, supporting their potential use as reliable tools for Virtual Reality-based motor rehabilitation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rocchi_A_2025,

title = {A comparison of the Meta Quest Pro and HTC Vive Focus 3 eye-tracking systems: analysis of data accuracy and spatial precision},

author = {Erica Rocchi and Anna Ferrarotti and Marco Carli},

doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3562672},

issn = {2169-3536},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-04-22},

urldate = {2025-04-22},

journal = {IEEE Access},

abstract = {Virtual Reality’s rise has highlighted eye gaze as a key interaction method. Data reliability becomes critical in this context, with gaze accuracy and precision serving as leading indicators of data quality. This study compared the spatial accuracy and precision of Meta Quest Pro and HTC Vive Focus 3 headsets using eye movement data collected from 30 users under head-free and head-constrained conditions. The targets were placed at different depths from the users. The analysis revealed inconsistencies between manufacturer-provided data, obtained under ideal conditions, and data collected in different settings. Moreover, the results showed greater spatial accuracy for Meta Quest Pro, and higher spatial precision for HTC Vive Focus 3. The aim of this study is to offer an extensive examination of the performance of these systems, thus assisting researchers in choosing suitable eye-tracking technology for diverse applications.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}