Our lab conducts innovative research across multimedia and security. Below, you will find a list of our most recent publications.
Recent publications
2025
Brizzi, Michele; Neri, Alessandro
A High Integrity Framework for GNSS/INS Train Positioning Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2025.
@article{Brizzi_TAES_2025,
title = {A High Integrity Framework for GNSS/INS Train Positioning},
author = {Michele Brizzi and Alessandro Neri},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11250672},
doi = {10.1109/TAES.2025.3633221},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-11-17},
urldate = {2025-11-17},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems},
abstract = {Multipath is one of the most prominent sources of accuracy degradation in satellite-based navigation systems. Managing local threats in the diverse environments where trains operate- stations, urban areas, or mountainous regions-is one of the more demanding aspects of developing a GNSS-based Advanced Safe Train Positioning (ASTP) system for safety-critical applications such as train signaling. To meet the stringent integrity requirements relevant to automated rail operations, this work proposes a comprehensive framework for the apportionment of railway safety targets and the harmonization of Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) performance in the measurement and position domains. Specifically, FDE mechanisms in the forms of detectors designed to identify and mitigate multipath feared events within the measurements, and position-domain Solution Separation are included to address both the impact of multipath and satellite faults. These are combined with a track-constrained positioning technique tailored for railway navigation employing a loosely coupled integration of GNSS and Inertial Navigation Systems to provide safety-related position and speed to the in-cab signaling system. The experimental analysis and comparison with the state-of-the-art confirm the validity of the proposed framework in enhancing the reliability of the train positioning system. This improvement is critical for the deployment of GNSS-enabled train location determination systems in automated rail operations, where high accuracy and integrity are paramount. © IEEE.},
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Multipath is one of the most prominent sources of accuracy degradation in satellite-based navigation systems. Managing local threats in the diverse environments where trains operate- stations, urban areas, or mountainous regions-is one of the more demanding aspects of developing a GNSS-based Advanced Safe Train Positioning (ASTP) system for safety-critical applications such as train signaling. To meet the stringent integrity requirements relevant to automated rail operations, this work proposes a comprehensive framework for the apportionment of railway safety targets and the harmonization of Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) performance in the measurement and position domains. Specifically, FDE mechanisms in the forms of detectors designed to identify and mitigate multipath feared events within the measurements, and position-domain Solution Separation are included to address both the impact of multipath and satellite faults. These are combined with a track-constrained positioning technique tailored for railway navigation employing a loosely coupled integration of GNSS and Inertial Navigation Systems to provide safety-related position and speed to the in-cab signaling system. The experimental analysis and comparison with the state-of-the-art confirm the validity of the proposed framework in enhancing the reliability of the train positioning system. This improvement is critical for the deployment of GNSS-enabled train location determination systems in automated rail operations, where high accuracy and integrity are paramount. © IEEE.
Ferrarotti, Anna; Brizzi, Michele; Rocchi, Erica; Fabrizio, Alessia; Carnevale, Arianna; Longo, Umile Giuseppe
5GVIREH: a 5G-enabled Virtual Reality based solution for telerehabilitation Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), IEEE, 2025.
@inproceedings{Ferrarotti_QOMEX_2025,
title = {5GVIREH: a 5G-enabled Virtual Reality based solution for telerehabilitation},
author = {Anna Ferrarotti and Michele Brizzi and Erica Rocchi and Alessia Fabrizio and Arianna Carnevale and Umile Giuseppe Longo},
doi = {10.1109/QoMEX65720.2025.11219930},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-11-03},
urldate = {2025-11-03},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {Integrating 5G technology with Virtual Reality creates an advanced human-machine interface applicable to various fields. With its high-speed, stable connection, 5G enables seamless real-time user communication. Virtual Reality enhances personalized interaction and allows continuous monitoring without complex additional equipment. This study presents a use case where a clinician, connected through a PC, interacts with a patient using a Virtual Reality headset during physiotherapy sessions. The goal is to showcase the potential of 5G and Virtual Reality in enhancing telerehabilitation. While initial tests focused on patients recovering from rotator cuff surgery, the system can be easily adapted to support a wide range of treatment and rehabilitation protocols.},
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Integrating 5G technology with Virtual Reality creates an advanced human-machine interface applicable to various fields. With its high-speed, stable connection, 5G enables seamless real-time user communication. Virtual Reality enhances personalized interaction and allows continuous monitoring without complex additional equipment. This study presents a use case where a clinician, connected through a PC, interacts with a patient using a Virtual Reality headset during physiotherapy sessions. The goal is to showcase the potential of 5G and Virtual Reality in enhancing telerehabilitation. While initial tests focused on patients recovering from rotator cuff surgery, the system can be easily adapted to support a wide range of treatment and rehabilitation protocols.
Brizzi, Michele; Neri, Alessandro
Conditional Path Planning for Collaborative GNSS Positioning Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025), pp. 393 – 403, The Institute of Navigation, 2025.
@inproceedings{Brizzi_GNSS_2025,
title = {Conditional Path Planning for Collaborative GNSS Positioning},
author = {Michele Brizzi and Alessandro Neri},
url = {https://www.ion.org/publications/abstract.cfm?articleID=20353},
doi = {10.33012/2025.20353},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-10-01},
urldate = {2025-10-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025)},
pages = {393 - 403},
publisher = {The Institute of Navigation},
abstract = {This work explores how cooperative GNSS positioning can be embedded into path planning so that navigation decisions also account for positioning quality. This method operates by formulating an optimization problem where the objective function not only includes traditional parameters–such as distance and time–but also incorporates a metric for cooperative positioning benefits. This dual objective enables the algorithm to dynamically adapt to the conditions of the environment and the status of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, ensuring that the selected path meets both navigational and cooperative positioning goals. Simulations in urban canyons, tunnels, and random cluttered environments show that the method lowers positioning errors. © 2025 ION.},
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This work explores how cooperative GNSS positioning can be embedded into path planning so that navigation decisions also account for positioning quality. This method operates by formulating an optimization problem where the objective function not only includes traditional parameters–such as distance and time–but also incorporates a metric for cooperative positioning benefits. This dual objective enables the algorithm to dynamically adapt to the conditions of the environment and the status of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, ensuring that the selected path meets both navigational and cooperative positioning goals. Simulations in urban canyons, tunnels, and random cluttered environments show that the method lowers positioning errors. © 2025 ION.
Brizzi, Michele; Ruggeri, Agostino; Vennarini, Alessia; Neri, Alessandro
Fault Detection and Exclusion for LIDAR-Camera Fusion in Railway Positioning: Enhancing Localization in Adverse Environments Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025), pp. 1784 – 1799, The Institute of Navigation, 2025.
@inproceedings{Brizzi_GNSS_2025,
title = {Fault Detection and Exclusion for LIDAR-Camera Fusion in Railway Positioning: Enhancing Localization in Adverse Environments},
author = {Michele Brizzi and Agostino Ruggeri and Alessia Vennarini and Alessandro Neri },
url = {https://www.ion.org/publications/abstract.cfm?articleID=20383},
doi = {10.33012/2025.20383},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-10-01},
urldate = {2025-10-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025)},
pages = {1784 - 1799},
publisher = {The Institute of Navigation},
abstract = {Accurate and reliable environment perception is crucial for the safe operation of future automated train control systems. The objective of this work is to design and validate a two-stage integrity architecture for railway positioning, focusing on Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) methods applied to camera and LiDAR data. At the raw-data level, camera integrity is assessed using no-reference image quality metrics (MAD, PIQE, BRISQUE, NIQE) to identify and discard degraded frames, while LiDAR integrity is ensured through statistical, range-based, and density-based outlier removal techniques. At the fusion stage, stereo-camera and LiDAR point clouds are temporally aligned and registered via Iterative Closest Point (ICP), with FDE applied to the merged dataset to exclude anomalous measurements. Experimental results on real railway scenarios, including traffic lights, power line poles, and speed profile markers, demonstrate that the proposed pipeline effectively reduces outliers and enhances the integrity of the fused point cloud, supporting high-accuracy and high-integrity train positioning. © 2025 ION.},
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pubstate = {published},
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Accurate and reliable environment perception is crucial for the safe operation of future automated train control systems. The objective of this work is to design and validate a two-stage integrity architecture for railway positioning, focusing on Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) methods applied to camera and LiDAR data. At the raw-data level, camera integrity is assessed using no-reference image quality metrics (MAD, PIQE, BRISQUE, NIQE) to identify and discard degraded frames, while LiDAR integrity is ensured through statistical, range-based, and density-based outlier removal techniques. At the fusion stage, stereo-camera and LiDAR point clouds are temporally aligned and registered via Iterative Closest Point (ICP), with FDE applied to the merged dataset to exclude anomalous measurements. Experimental results on real railway scenarios, including traffic lights, power line poles, and speed profile markers, demonstrate that the proposed pipeline effectively reduces outliers and enhances the integrity of the fused point cloud, supporting high-accuracy and high-integrity train positioning. © 2025 ION.
Rocchi, Erica; Ferrarotti, Anna; Carli, Marco
A comparison of the Meta Quest Pro and HTC Vive Focus 3 eye-tracking systems: analysis of data accuracy and spatial precision Journal Article
In: IEEE Access, 2025, ISSN: 2169-3536.
@article{Rocchi_A_2025,
title = {A comparison of the Meta Quest Pro and HTC Vive Focus 3 eye-tracking systems: analysis of data accuracy and spatial precision},
author = {Erica Rocchi and Anna Ferrarotti and Marco Carli},
doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3562672},
issn = {2169-3536},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-22},
journal = {IEEE Access},
abstract = {Virtual Reality’s rise has highlighted eye gaze as a key interaction method. Data reliability becomes critical in this context, with gaze accuracy and precision serving as leading indicators of data quality. This study compared the spatial accuracy and precision of Meta Quest Pro and HTC Vive Focus 3 headsets using eye movement data collected from 30 users under head-free and head-constrained conditions. The targets were placed at different depths from the users. The analysis revealed inconsistencies between manufacturer-provided data, obtained under ideal conditions, and data collected in different settings. Moreover, the results showed greater spatial accuracy for Meta Quest Pro, and higher spatial precision for HTC Vive Focus 3. The aim of this study is to offer an extensive examination of the performance of these systems, thus assisting researchers in choosing suitable eye-tracking technology for diverse applications.},
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Virtual Reality’s rise has highlighted eye gaze as a key interaction method. Data reliability becomes critical in this context, with gaze accuracy and precision serving as leading indicators of data quality. This study compared the spatial accuracy and precision of Meta Quest Pro and HTC Vive Focus 3 headsets using eye movement data collected from 30 users under head-free and head-constrained conditions. The targets were placed at different depths from the users. The analysis revealed inconsistencies between manufacturer-provided data, obtained under ideal conditions, and data collected in different settings. Moreover, the results showed greater spatial accuracy for Meta Quest Pro, and higher spatial precision for HTC Vive Focus 3. The aim of this study is to offer an extensive examination of the performance of these systems, thus assisting researchers in choosing suitable eye-tracking technology for diverse applications.
Bentivenga, Rosina; Bernabei, Margherita; Carli, Marco; Colabianchi, Silvia; Costantino, Francesco; Ferrarotti, Anna; Neri, Michael; Pietrafesa, Emma; Sorrentino, Edvige; Stabile, Sara
Transforming Training with New Enabling Technologies: A Proposal to Verify the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Tools in the Occupational Health and Safety Sector Proceedings Article
In: Intelligent Sustainable Systems (Worlds4 2024), Springer Nature Link, 2025.
@inproceedings{Bentivenga_Worlds4_2024,
title = {Transforming Training with New Enabling Technologies: A Proposal to Verify the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Tools in the Occupational Health and Safety Sector},
author = {Rosina Bentivenga and Margherita Bernabei and Marco Carli and Silvia Colabianchi and Francesco Costantino and Anna Ferrarotti and Michael Neri and Emma Pietrafesa and Edvige Sorrentino and Sara Stabile },
doi = {10.1007/978-981-97-9327-3_34},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-02-20},
booktitle = {Intelligent Sustainable Systems (Worlds4 2024)},
publisher = {Springer Nature Link},
abstract = {In the context of digital transformation in the occupational health and safety sector, this research focuses on the efficacy of virtual reality training tools in ensuring workplace safety during maintenance activities. A comprehensive methodology, including focus groups and workshops, is utilized to define a study protocol and evaluate the proposed virtual reality solution. The study suggests that immersive virtual reality training, which integrates the Skill-Rule-Knowledge framework, has the potential to enhance workers’ ability to manage unforeseen situations. It emphasizes the importance of practical, scenario-based training and outlines a detailed evaluation process. The conclusion highlights the need for ongoing validation and future steps to extend the application to supervisors, fostering improved health and safety management in the workplace.},
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In the context of digital transformation in the occupational health and safety sector, this research focuses on the efficacy of virtual reality training tools in ensuring workplace safety during maintenance activities. A comprehensive methodology, including focus groups and workshops, is utilized to define a study protocol and evaluate the proposed virtual reality solution. The study suggests that immersive virtual reality training, which integrates the Skill-Rule-Knowledge framework, has the potential to enhance workers’ ability to manage unforeseen situations. It emphasizes the importance of practical, scenario-based training and outlines a detailed evaluation process. The conclusion highlights the need for ongoing validation and future steps to extend the application to supervisors, fostering improved health and safety management in the workplace.