Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University
Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146, Rome, Italy
anna.ferrarotti@uniroma3.it
Researchgate profile
Biography
Anna Ferrarotti received her Bachelor degree in Electronics Engineering from Roma Tre University in 2021, with a thesis about the design of an anomaly detection system using Principal Component Analysis, and Master degree in Information and Communication Technology Engineering from Roma Tre University in 2022, with a thesis about stress detection in an Augmented Reality scenario. She is now a Ph.D. student (XXXVIII cycle) in Applied Electronics at Roma Tre University at the Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering.
Research
Her main research interests are in the area of Quality of Experience assessment for immersive technologies and multimedia processing.
Projects
Ongoing projects
FEREO – Formazione e Resilience Engineering Organizzativa
The project, in collaboration with Università degli Studi “La Sapienza” and INAIL, aims at studying the effectiveness of immersive technologies for workplace safety training.
Publications
Journal Publications
2025
Rocchi, Erica; Ferrarotti, Anna; Carli, Marco
A comparison of the Meta Quest Pro and HTC Vive Focus 3 eye-tracking systems: analysis of data accuracy and spatial precision Journal Article
In: IEEE Access, 2025, ISSN: 2169-3536.
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title = {A comparison of the Meta Quest Pro and HTC Vive Focus 3 eye-tracking systems: analysis of data accuracy and spatial precision},
author = {Erica Rocchi and Anna Ferrarotti and Marco Carli},
doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3562672},
issn = {2169-3536},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-22},
journal = {IEEE Access},
abstract = {Virtual Reality’s rise has highlighted eye gaze as a key interaction method. Data reliability becomes critical in this context, with gaze accuracy and precision serving as leading indicators of data quality. This study compared the spatial accuracy and precision of Meta Quest Pro and HTC Vive Focus 3 headsets using eye movement data collected from 30 users under head-free and head-constrained conditions. The targets were placed at different depths from the users. The analysis revealed inconsistencies between manufacturer-provided data, obtained under ideal conditions, and data collected in different settings. Moreover, the results showed greater spatial accuracy for Meta Quest Pro, and higher spatial precision for HTC Vive Focus 3. The aim of this study is to offer an extensive examination of the performance of these systems, thus assisting researchers in choosing suitable eye-tracking technology for diverse applications.},
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Virtual Reality’s rise has highlighted eye gaze as a key interaction method. Data reliability becomes critical in this context, with gaze accuracy and precision serving as leading indicators of data quality. This study compared the spatial accuracy and precision of Meta Quest Pro and HTC Vive Focus 3 headsets using eye movement data collected from 30 users under head-free and head-constrained conditions. The targets were placed at different depths from the users. The analysis revealed inconsistencies between manufacturer-provided data, obtained under ideal conditions, and data collected in different settings. Moreover, the results showed greater spatial accuracy for Meta Quest Pro, and higher spatial precision for HTC Vive Focus 3. The aim of this study is to offer an extensive examination of the performance of these systems, thus assisting researchers in choosing suitable eye-tracking technology for diverse applications.
2024
Ferrarotti, Anna
QoE Assessment for cultural heritage fruition through immersive media Journal Article
In: Science Talks, 2024.
@article{Ferrarotti_ST_2024,
title = {QoE Assessment for cultural heritage fruition through immersive media},
author = {Anna Ferrarotti},
doi = {10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100343},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-03-31},
journal = {Science Talks},
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Ferrarotti, Anna; Baldoni, Sara; Carli, Marco; Battisti, Federica
Stress Assessment for Augmented Reality Applications Based on Head Movement Features Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 6970-6983, 2024.
@article{Ferrarotti_TVCG_2024,
title = {Stress Assessment for Augmented Reality Applications Based on Head Movement Features},
author = {Anna Ferrarotti and Sara Baldoni and Marco Carli and Federica Battisti},
doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2024.3385637},
year = {2024},
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abstract = {Augmented reality is one of the enabling technologies of the upcoming future. Its usage in working and learning scenarios may lead to a better quality of work and training by helping the operators during the most crucial stages of processes. Therefore, the automatic detection of stress during augmented reality experiences can be a valuable support to prevent consequences on people's health and foster the spreading of this technology. In this work, we present the design of a non-invasive stress assessment approach. The proposed system is based on the analysis of the head movements of people wearing a Head Mounted Display while performing stress-inducing tasks. First, we designed a subjective experiment consisting of two stress-related tests for data acquisition. Then, a statistical analysis of head movements has been performed to determine which features are representative of the presence of stress. Finally, a stress classifier based on a combination of Support Vector Machines has been designed and trained. The proposed approach achieved promising performances thus paving the way for further studies in this research direction.},
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Augmented reality is one of the enabling technologies of the upcoming future. Its usage in working and learning scenarios may lead to a better quality of work and training by helping the operators during the most crucial stages of processes. Therefore, the automatic detection of stress during augmented reality experiences can be a valuable support to prevent consequences on people's health and foster the spreading of this technology. In this work, we present the design of a non-invasive stress assessment approach. The proposed system is based on the analysis of the head movements of people wearing a Head Mounted Display while performing stress-inducing tasks. First, we designed a subjective experiment consisting of two stress-related tests for data acquisition. Then, a statistical analysis of head movements has been performed to determine which features are representative of the presence of stress. Finally, a stress classifier based on a combination of Support Vector Machines has been designed and trained. The proposed approach achieved promising performances thus paving the way for further studies in this research direction.
0000
Bernabei, Margherita; Colabianchi, Silvia; Carli, Marco; Costantino, Francesco; Ferrarotti, Anna; Neri, Michael; Stabile, Sara
Enhancing Occupational Safety and Health Training: A Guideline for Virtual Reality Integration Journal Article
In: IEEE Access, 0000.
@article{Bernabei_A_2024,
title = {Enhancing Occupational Safety and Health Training: A Guideline for Virtual Reality Integration},
author = {Margherita Bernabei and Silvia Colabianchi and Marco Carli and Francesco Costantino and Anna Ferrarotti and Michael Neri and Sara Stabile},
doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3481668},
journal = {IEEE Access},
abstract = {Training in the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) sector is crucial for minimizing workplace hazards and ensuring employee well-being. Virtual Reality (VR) emerges as a training tool that can enhance learning outcomes and simulate hazardous scenarios safely. However, several aspects must be taken into consideration when implementing VR-based training solutions. The paper investigates how to effectively design, develop, integrate, and validate a VR OSH training tool. To this aim, a comprehensive guideline of 9 key elements articulated in 29 items is proposed. Every element and item is retrieved from analyzing the existing literature on the topic using a systematic approach. The result is a comprehensive guide to consider all these aspects from the outset of design, in a cohesive, complete, and tailored manner. This formalization is intended to facilitate the advancement of research and implementation of these solutions, which to date have been largely confined to prototypes or lack real practical application.},
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Training in the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) sector is crucial for minimizing workplace hazards and ensuring employee well-being. Virtual Reality (VR) emerges as a training tool that can enhance learning outcomes and simulate hazardous scenarios safely. However, several aspects must be taken into consideration when implementing VR-based training solutions. The paper investigates how to effectively design, develop, integrate, and validate a VR OSH training tool. To this aim, a comprehensive guideline of 9 key elements articulated in 29 items is proposed. Every element and item is retrieved from analyzing the existing literature on the topic using a systematic approach. The result is a comprehensive guide to consider all these aspects from the outset of design, in a cohesive, complete, and tailored manner. This formalization is intended to facilitate the advancement of research and implementation of these solutions, which to date have been largely confined to prototypes or lack real practical application.
Conference Proceedings
Sorry, no publications matched your criteria.
2025
Ferrarotti, Anna; Brizzi, Michele; Rocchi, Erica; Fabrizio, Alessia; Carnevale, Arianna; Longo, Umile Giuseppe
5GVIREH: a 5G-enabled Virtual Reality based solution for telerehabilitation Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), IEEE, 2025.
@inproceedings{Ferrarotti_QOMEX_2025,
title = {5GVIREH: a 5G-enabled Virtual Reality based solution for telerehabilitation},
author = {Anna Ferrarotti and Michele Brizzi and Erica Rocchi and Alessia Fabrizio and Arianna Carnevale and Umile Giuseppe Longo},
doi = {10.1109/QoMEX65720.2025.11219930},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-11-03},
urldate = {2025-11-03},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {Integrating 5G technology with Virtual Reality creates an advanced human-machine interface applicable to various fields. With its high-speed, stable connection, 5G enables seamless real-time user communication. Virtual Reality enhances personalized interaction and allows continuous monitoring without complex additional equipment. This study presents a use case where a clinician, connected through a PC, interacts with a patient using a Virtual Reality headset during physiotherapy sessions. The goal is to showcase the potential of 5G and Virtual Reality in enhancing telerehabilitation. While initial tests focused on patients recovering from rotator cuff surgery, the system can be easily adapted to support a wide range of treatment and rehabilitation protocols.},
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Integrating 5G technology with Virtual Reality creates an advanced human-machine interface applicable to various fields. With its high-speed, stable connection, 5G enables seamless real-time user communication. Virtual Reality enhances personalized interaction and allows continuous monitoring without complex additional equipment. This study presents a use case where a clinician, connected through a PC, interacts with a patient using a Virtual Reality headset during physiotherapy sessions. The goal is to showcase the potential of 5G and Virtual Reality in enhancing telerehabilitation. While initial tests focused on patients recovering from rotator cuff surgery, the system can be easily adapted to support a wide range of treatment and rehabilitation protocols.
Bentivenga, Rosina; Bernabei, Margherita; Carli, Marco; Colabianchi, Silvia; Costantino, Francesco; Ferrarotti, Anna; Neri, Michael; Pietrafesa, Emma; Sorrentino, Edvige; Stabile, Sara
Transforming Training with New Enabling Technologies: A Proposal to Verify the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Tools in the Occupational Health and Safety Sector Proceedings Article
In: Intelligent Sustainable Systems (Worlds4 2024), Springer Nature Link, 2025.
@inproceedings{Bentivenga_Worlds4_2024,
title = {Transforming Training with New Enabling Technologies: A Proposal to Verify the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Tools in the Occupational Health and Safety Sector},
author = {Rosina Bentivenga and Margherita Bernabei and Marco Carli and Silvia Colabianchi and Francesco Costantino and Anna Ferrarotti and Michael Neri and Emma Pietrafesa and Edvige Sorrentino and Sara Stabile },
doi = {10.1007/978-981-97-9327-3_34},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-02-20},
booktitle = {Intelligent Sustainable Systems (Worlds4 2024)},
publisher = {Springer Nature Link},
abstract = {In the context of digital transformation in the occupational health and safety sector, this research focuses on the efficacy of virtual reality training tools in ensuring workplace safety during maintenance activities. A comprehensive methodology, including focus groups and workshops, is utilized to define a study protocol and evaluate the proposed virtual reality solution. The study suggests that immersive virtual reality training, which integrates the Skill-Rule-Knowledge framework, has the potential to enhance workers’ ability to manage unforeseen situations. It emphasizes the importance of practical, scenario-based training and outlines a detailed evaluation process. The conclusion highlights the need for ongoing validation and future steps to extend the application to supervisors, fostering improved health and safety management in the workplace.},
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In the context of digital transformation in the occupational health and safety sector, this research focuses on the efficacy of virtual reality training tools in ensuring workplace safety during maintenance activities. A comprehensive methodology, including focus groups and workshops, is utilized to define a study protocol and evaluate the proposed virtual reality solution. The study suggests that immersive virtual reality training, which integrates the Skill-Rule-Knowledge framework, has the potential to enhance workers’ ability to manage unforeseen situations. It emphasizes the importance of practical, scenario-based training and outlines a detailed evaluation process. The conclusion highlights the need for ongoing validation and future steps to extend the application to supervisors, fostering improved health and safety management in the workplace.
2024
Bentivenga, Rosina; Bernabei, Margherita; Carli, Marco; Colabianchi, Silvia; Costantino, Francesco; Ferrarotti, Anna; Neri, Michael; Pietrafesa, Emma; Sorrentino, Edvige; Stabile, Sara
Advancing Occupational Safety and Health training: a Safety-II integration of the ADDIE model for virtual reality Proceedings Article
In: Methodologies and Intelligent Systems for Technology Enhanced Learning, 14th International Conference (MIS4TEL 2024), Springer Nature Link, 2024.
@inproceedings{Bentivenga_MIS4TEL_2024,
title = {Advancing Occupational Safety and Health training: a Safety-II integration of the ADDIE model for virtual reality},
author = {Rosina Bentivenga and Margherita Bernabei and Marco Carli and Silvia Colabianchi and Francesco Costantino and Anna Ferrarotti and Michael Neri and Emma Pietrafesa and Edvige Sorrentino and Sara Stabile},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-73538-7_28},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-12-28},
booktitle = {Methodologies and Intelligent Systems for Technology Enhanced Learning, 14th International Conference (MIS4TEL 2024)},
publisher = {Springer Nature Link},
abstract = {This paper examines the enhancement of occupational safety and health (OSH) training in manufacturing through the integration of Safety-II principles within a Virtual Reality (VR) training framework, applying the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. Amidst the digital transformation in manufacturing, innovative training methods such as VR have become instrumental in improving operational safety and efficiency. However, the incorporation of Safety-II, a philosophy emphasizing the complexity of organizational systems and the need for resilience, has not been systematically applied to VR training designs. Through a series of focus group sessions, this study presents a new method for creating VR training materials. Designed to foster systemic thinking, resilience, proactivity, learning, flexibility, and leverage human performance variability, these courses are in line with Safety-II's transition from merely preventing negative outcomes to understanding and increasing positive capacities. The results lead to a newintegration of the ADDIE model within a Safety-II framework for VR-based OSH training, enhanced by Skill-Rules-Knowledge (SRK) specific guiding principles.},
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This paper examines the enhancement of occupational safety and health (OSH) training in manufacturing through the integration of Safety-II principles within a Virtual Reality (VR) training framework, applying the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. Amidst the digital transformation in manufacturing, innovative training methods such as VR have become instrumental in improving operational safety and efficiency. However, the incorporation of Safety-II, a philosophy emphasizing the complexity of organizational systems and the need for resilience, has not been systematically applied to VR training designs. Through a series of focus group sessions, this study presents a new method for creating VR training materials. Designed to foster systemic thinking, resilience, proactivity, learning, flexibility, and leverage human performance variability, these courses are in line with Safety-II's transition from merely preventing negative outcomes to understanding and increasing positive capacities. The results lead to a newintegration of the ADDIE model within a Safety-II framework for VR-based OSH training, enhanced by Skill-Rules-Knowledge (SRK) specific guiding principles.
Ferrarotti, Anna; Baldoni, Sara; Carli, Marco; Battisti, Federica
On the identification of the leading sensory cue in mulsemedia VR applications Proceedings Article
In: 2024 16th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), IEEE, 2024.
@inproceedings{Ferrarotti_QOMEX_2024,
title = {On the identification of the leading sensory cue in mulsemedia VR applications},
author = {Anna Ferrarotti and Sara Baldoni and Marco Carli and Federica Battisti},
doi = {10.1109/QoMEX61742.2024.10598293},
year = {2024},
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urldate = {2024-06-18},
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Ferrarotti, Anna; Baldoni, Sara; Carli, Marco; Battisti, Federica
Interaction goes virtual: towards collaborative XR Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 2024 ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences, ACM, 2024.
@inproceedings{Ferrarotti_IMX_2024,
title = {Interaction goes virtual: towards collaborative XR},
author = {Anna Ferrarotti and Sara Baldoni and Marco Carli and Federica Battisti},
doi = {10.1145/3639701.3661089},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-06-07},
urldate = {2024-06-07},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2024 ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences},
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2023
Ferrarotti, Anna; Carli, Marco
Objective Metrics Definition for QoE Assessment for Extended Reality Applications Proceedings Article
In: ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences (IMX), 2023.
@inproceedings{Ferrarotti_IMX_2023,
title = {Objective Metrics Definition for QoE Assessment for Extended Reality Applications},
author = {Anna Ferrarotti and Marco Carli},
doi = {10.1145/3573381.3596503},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
booktitle = {ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences (IMX)},
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2022
Neri, Michael; Ferrarotti, Anna; de Luisa, Luca; Salimbeni, Andrea; Carli, Marco
ParalMGC Multiple Audio Representations for Synthetic Human Speech Attribution Proceedings Article
In: 10th European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP), 2022.
@inproceedings{euvip2022_audio_neri,
title = {ParalMGC Multiple Audio Representations for Synthetic Human Speech Attribution },
author = {Michael Neri and Anna Ferrarotti and Luca de Luisa and Andrea Salimbeni and Marco Carli},
doi = {10.1109/EUVIP53989.2022.9922861},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-20},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {10th European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP)},
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